Solution and Suspension

Hi people! Welcome back!:D I hope you had a better understandings of classification of matter through the previous lesson. Okay, today's lesson. we would be learning about what is a solution and suspension. Now, tighten your seat belts and lets rock and roll!

Firstly, before you learn what is a solution and suspension, you know these things first: What is a solute?
What is the solvent?

Basically, a solute is:

• a substance that dissolves.

And, a solvent is:

• a substance that a solute dissolves in.( forms the main part of the solution.)
  

Thus, a solution is:

• a mixture formed when 1 or more solute dissolves in a solvent.
• can be of any physical state.
• water as solvent is called aqueous solution
• when a solution is formed, the solute breaks down into tiny particles such as atoms and molecules that mix completely and evenly with the particles of the solvent.
  

And, a suspension is:

• when a solid solute does not dissolve in the solvent and are sufficiently large to settle to the bottom over time

Solution and suspension's appearance:
Solution Suspension
-Homogeneous mixture -heterogeneous mixture
-clear solution, uniform throughout -cloudy and uneven

What is a saturated solution?
-one which contains the maximum amount solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent at a particular temperature.

What is solubility?
-the maximum mass of a solute which can dissolve in 100g of a solvent a particular temperature.

Factors that affect solubility

1. Nature of solute
2. Nature of solvent
   
3. Temperature of solvent

What is rate of dissolving?
-time taken for the dissolve process, from the time the solute is added to the solvent, until it has completely dissolved

Factors that affect the rate of dissolving

1. Surface area of the solute ( the smaller the particle size, larger the surface)
2. Temperature of the solution (higher the temperature)
3. Rate of stirring (faster the rate of stirring)

That's all for today's lesson. Thank you for support. I hope this lesson will once again benefit in your studies. Remember to tune again next week for a new lesson! Enjoy! :D Feel free to ask me and doubts.

Classification of matters

Hello! Welcome to my science e-port folio again! Did you get a better understanding of the previous lessons? I am sure you do. Well, today, we would be learning about classification of matter and kinetic Particle Theory. And,you get to learn to explain inter-conversion of states in terms of kinetic particle theory. All right, tighten your seats belts and lets rock and roll!:D

Remember matter? It occupies space and has space and also can be living and non-living things. It can exist in 3 states :

• solid( fixed volume, fixed shape and cannot be compressed)
• liquid( fixed volume, no fixed shape and cannot be compressed)
• air( no fixed volume, no fixed shape and can be compressed)

What is kinetic Particle Theory?
All matter ae made up of tiny particles. These particles are in constant, random motion.

Firstly, melting is a change from solid to liquid state. But, what happens to the particles of the solid that is heated until it melts?

1. heat energy absorbed is converted to kinetic energy
2. Particles vibrate faster about fixed positions.
3. Vibrates become sufficient to weaken attractive forces between particles.
   
4. Particles no longer in fixed positions.
5. Particles now slide over one another.
6. Substance is now in liquid state.

Freezing

1. Energy is given out by particles in the liquid.
2. Particles begin to lose kinetic energy and move more slowly.
3. Particles no longer have enough energy to move freely.
4. Some particles start to settle into fixed positions
5. All pacticles settle and vibrate at fixed positions.
6. Substance is now a solid.

Boiling

1. Heat energy absorbed is converted to kinetic energy.
2. Particles gain kinetic energy and start to move faster as the temperature rises.
3. Particles throughout liquid have enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together.
4. Particles can now spread far apart and move rapidly in more directions.
5. Substance is now in gaseous state.

Condensation

1. Heat energy is given out.
2. Particles begin to lose kinetic energy and move more slowly.
3. Particles no longer have enough energy to move far apart.
4. Particles move slow enough for the gas to change to a liquid.

Ok, now we have come to an end to our lesson. Look forward for the next lesson. Stay tuned! Enjoy!:D

Density and Units conversion

Hey welcome back again! Today lesson would be slightly shorter. We would be learning about density and units conversion. So, enjoy!:D

What is density?
-Density describes the degree of compactness of a substance.
-Density is mass per unit volume
-The formula is: p=m/v

Example: Water sinks when water and oil are placed in a bottle. Why? It is because water is denser than oil but it is NOT heavier than oil.

Units conversions
On the previous lesson, you have learn that the importance of units and its conversion. Now, let us learn how to convert a unit to another unit example from one meter to centimeter.

Examples:

Since 1 kg = 1000 g and 100 cm = 1 m

1kg/1000g=1 100cm/1m=1

To express 15 mm in m:
Since 1 m = 1000 mm

1m/1000mm=1

Therefore: 15mm/1 x 1m/1000mm = 0.015m

Measurements and Units

Hi! I'm back! Today, we would be learning a new lesson--Measurements and Units. In today's lesson, you would learning the importance of units, and what are some of the measurements instruments and precautions to take.

Measurements Instruments includes:
-ruler ( accurate to 0.1cm)
-measurements tapes
-engineer's caliper
-vernier caliper (accurate to 0.01cm)
-micrometer screw gauge (accurate to 0.01cm)
-and many more....

Precautions to take when using a ruler.:
-avoid parallax errors by putting your eyes at the same level as the markings of the scale
-eye should be put perpendicularly at the mark of the scale

Precautions to take when using a vernier caliper:
-Make sure the instrument is clean and make sure it works ( no forced friction between vernier scale and main scale)
-Check for Zero error( error resulting in the wrong collaboration of the instrument)

Precautions to take when using micrometer screw gauge:
-Never tighten the screw too much
-Check for zero errors
-Make sure it is clean at the ends of anvil and spindle before the experiment

Now, units is very important. Using the wrong units may result in fatal accident like the flight 143. The ground did not put enough fuel on the plane. Fortunately, no one died. What had caused the problem? The metric changeover in Canada should have been by further education on the airline's part. The ''conversion factor'' of 1.77 was actually the fuel's density in pounds per liter, not kilograms. The fuel's density kilograms per liter is 0.803.

Introduction to Science

What is science?
-it is a systematic knowledge that is capable of resulting in a correct prediction or reliable outcome.

If you want to be a scientist, basically you need yo these attitudes:
-Curiosity
-Positive mindset
-Perseverance
-Cooperation with others
-and many more...

For this blog post, we would learning about scientific inquiry and the safety rules in a science laboratory.

First, scientific inquiry.Basically, it includes:
-Being curious and courageous
-Reflect on findings
-Asking questions
-Making observation
-Thinking out of the box
-Refining understandings
-and many more...

Secondly, safety rules in science laboratory.
Why do we need to observe rules in a science laboratory? What are some of the rules we must observe? The following are the general rules we must follow in a science laboratory:
-Always open all doors and windows unless otherwise instructed by the teacher
-Never enter a science laboratory without a teacher's permission
-Never carry out experiments without the teacher's permission
-Never taste the chemical unless you are instructed to by a teacher
-Never pour unused chemical back to its container
-Never eat or drink in the science laboratory
-Always wash your hands after ALL laboratory work.

Next, the followings are the rules we must follow when we heating or mixing chemicals:
-Always wear a safety goggles
-All flammable substances should be kept away from a naked flame.
-Never point the mouth of a boiling tube to you and your friends

Okay, ever wonder what to do when accidents happen in a science laboratory. What should you do in that situation? The following are basically what you do:
-Report all injuries, accidents, spillage to your teacher immediately
-If chemical come contact with your mouth, spit it into the basin and rinse your mouth with plenty of water.
-If chemical come in contact with any parts of your body or shirt, wash thoroughly with water and report to your teacher.

Okay, its done. I hope you have learnt something. Enjoy and look forward for my next post!:D

Introduction

Welcome to my science e-portfolio blog!! Where you can basically get a summary of what i have learnt in school. Well, this platform can also facilitate you in your science if you do have trouble in science. I do not really excel in science but i will do my best to help if i can. Okay, i am William Zhao from class 1o3 of Hwa Chong Instituition. So far, my science tests results are like rollar coaster but i am still trying my best to improve and i really do see improvement. Okay, enough talk, i hope this blog can really help you even if its a little. Enjoy!:D